For the base operating system to qualify for the volume licensing upgrade, you must meet the following conditions:. The qualifying version of Windows must be installed on the computer to which you will assign the volume licensing upgrade license.
You must remove the qualifying version of Windows in order to deploy the volume licensing upgrade license. The following table lists the qualifying operating systems. If you want to run more than one licensed version of Windows at the same time, you have the following options:. Purchase full Windows Vista licenses separately. Microsoft does not offer licenses for full versions of Windows under the volume licensing agreement. If you have active Software Assurance coverage, you do not have to uninstall the qualifying version of Windows.
You can install and run the qualifying version of Windows and Windows Vista at the same time. The installed base is the set of qualified computers owned by you and your covered affiliates as of the effective date of the enrollment or agreement. This term includes any renewal or successive term. These computers include computers that you acquired through merger or acquisition.
If you have a license for Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista Business, and you have this license together with Software Assurance, you are eligible to use an earlier version of Windows instead of the version you have licensed. Microsoft has extended these downgrade rights under the Windows Vista Business upgrade license to let you use Windows 98 or Windows This will lead to an increased load on the CPU sy — system time.
The time for executing system calls[3][4][5] will be counted as system time sy. RAM Bottleneck swapping Example. In this example, many applications will be opened including VirtualBox with a Windows guest system, among others.
Almost all of the working memory will be used. Then, one more application OpenOffice will be started. The Linux kernel will then swap out several memory pages to the swap file on the hard disk, in order to get more RAM for OpenOffice.
Swapping the memory pages to the swap file will be seen in the so swap out - memory swapped to disk column as vmstat executes in parallel. In the following example, an updatedb process is already running. The updatedb utility is part of mlocate. It examines the entire file system and accordingly creates the database for the locate command by means of which file searches can be performed very quickly.
Because updatedb reads all of the file names from the entire file system, the CPU must wait to get data from the IO system the hard disk. As they would suggest, these show the amount of inactive and active memory.
To see these two columns instead of the buff and cache columns, include the -a option, as shown:. The -f switch displays the number of forks that have happened since the computer was booted up. In other words, this shows the number of tasks that have been launched and, for the bulk of them, closed again since the system was booted.
Every process launched from the command line would increase this figure. Each time a task or process spawns or clones a new task, this figure will increase. The kernel has its own memory management to worry about as well as the memory management for the operating system and all of the applications. As you might imagine the kernel is allocating and deallocating memory over and over for the many different types of data object that it must handle.
To make this as efficient as possible, it uses a system called slabs. This is a form of caching. Memory allocated, used, and no longer required for a specific type of kernel data object can be re-used for another data object of the same type without the memory being deallocated and reallocated.
To see the statistics for the slabs, use the -m slabs option. You will need to use sudo , and you will be prompted for your password.
As the output can be quite lengthy, we are piping it through less. To display a page of event counters and memory statistics, use the -s stats option.
Although the statistics that are reported are largely the same as the information that makes up the default vmstat output, some of them are split out in more detail. The -s stats display lists these statistics separately. IO is the rightmost column. Note that the sec column in IO is measured in seconds but the time-based statistics in the read and write columns are measured in milliseconds.
To see a quick display of summary statistics for your disk activity, use the -D disk-sum option. The number of disks might look abnormally high. The computer used to research this article is running Ubuntu. Annoyingly these device entries are counted as hard drive devices by many of the Linux commands and utilities. To see statistics related to a specific partition, use the -p partition option and provide the partition identifier as a command line parameter.
Here we are going to look at the partition sda1. The digit one indicates this is the first partition on device sda , which is the main hard drive for this computer. The information returned shows the total count of disk reads and disk writes to and from that partition, and the number of sectors included in disk read and disk write actions. Now you know how to access it and what it means. Use Google Fonts in Word. Use FaceTime on Android Signal vs. Customize the Taskbar in Windows What Is svchost.
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